Food processing
Food processing includes the methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food for human consumption. Food processing takes clean, harvested or slaughtered and butchered components and uses them to produce marketable food products. There are several different ways in which food can be produced. One Off Production This method is used when customers make an order for something to be made to their own specifications, for example a wedding cake. The making of One Off Products could take days depending on how intricate the design is and also the ability of the chef involved. Batch Production This method is used when the size of the market for a product is not clear, and where there is a range within a product line. A certain number of the same goods will be produced to make up a batch or run, for example at Gregg's Bakery they will bake a certain number of chicken bakes. This method involves estimating the number of customers that will want to buy that product. Mass production This method is used when there is a mass market for a large number of identical products, for example chocolate bars, ready meals and canned food. The product passes from one stage of production to another along a production line. Just In Time This method of production is mainly used in sandwich bars such as Subway. All the components of the product are available right there and the customer chooses what they want in their product. It is then prepared with fresh ingredients in front of the buyer. Subway is an American restaurant franchise that primarily sells submarine sandwiches (subs) and salads. It is owned and operated by Doctor's Associates, Inc. (DAI). Subway is one of the fastest growing franchises in the world with 37,881 restaurants in 98 countries and territories as of November 7, 2012.[1] It is the largest single-brand restaurant chain globally and is the second largest restaurant operator globally after Yum! Brands (over 37,000 locations).[2][3][4] Subway's main operations office is in Milford, Connecticut; five regional centers support Subway's growing international operations. The regional offices for European franchises are located in Amsterdam, Netherlands; the Australia and New Zealand locations are supported from Brisbane, Australia; the Asian locations are supported from offices located in Beirut, Lebanon, Malaysia, Singapore and India and the Latin America support center is in Miami, Florida. Subway was founded as Doctor's Associates in 1965 by Fred DeLuca and Peter Buck in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Fred wanted to start a business to save money for college and become a doctor, so he borrowed $1,000 to start the business from Doctor Peter Buck. They named the company Doctor's Associates, even though it had no affiliation with any medical organizations or treatment.[5] Subway's original logo used from 1965 to 2002. The first Subway outside of North America opened in Bahrain, in December 1984.[6] Subway restaurant, Pittsfield Township, Michigan Since 2007, Subway has consistently ranked in Entrepreneur magazine's Top 500 Franchises list. It ranked #2 in 2012. It also ranked #2 on the "Fastest Growing Franchise" and "Global Franchise" lists.[7] In March 2011, Subway was named "the most loved fast food chain in the US" by Amplicate.com, based on their analysis of opinions expressed on social media websites.[8] At the end of 2010, Subway was the largest fast food chain on Earth, with 33,749 restaurants worldwide, 1,012 more than McDonald's. In terms of revenue, McDonald's still led Subway.[9] Products White chocolate chip macadamia nut (left) and double chocolate chip cookies. Subway's core product is the submarine sandwich (or "sub"). In addition to these, the chain also sells wraps, salad and baked goods (including cookies, doughnuts and muffins). While some menu items vary between countries and markets,